TYPES OF ON-SITE SEWAGE FACILITY SYSTEMS



Conventional Septic Tank/Soil Absorption

Standard Gravity System


Conventional septic systems have traditionally been the most commonly used technology for treating wastewater. These systems use gravity to treat and distribute wastewater in the soil.

Aerobic Treatment Unit

  • Spray System
  • Drip System


Aerobic units treat wastewater for homes and small businesses using the same process, only scaled down, as our municipal wastewater treatment systems use.


Non-standard treatment options

Non-standard treatment:


  • is usually all forms of:
  • activated sludge processes
  • rotating biological contractors
  • trickling type filters, o submerged rock biological filters
  • recirculating sand filters
  • sand filters not described in §285.32(b)(2)
  • must be designed by a professional engineer when secondary treatment is required. Professional sanitarian can design when secondary treatment is not required.
  • can only be installed by an Installer Class II.

Septic Tank with Drip Irrigation

A drip system distributes water to the lawn though a system of tubing installed below the grounds surface.

Drip Irrigation:

  • consists of small diameter pressurized lines containing pressure reducing emitters spaced at a maximum of 30 inches.
  • requires a design to be performed by either a professional engineer or professional sanitarian.
  • can only be installed by an Installer Class II.
  • are sized and constructed in accordance with §285.33(c)(3).

Septic Tank with Leaching Chambers

Leaching chamber systems handle wastewater in a similar manner as conventional gravel-filled trench systems. The main difference is in how the trench is constructed.

Leaching Chambers:

  • are installed similar to an absorptive drainfield, however, the effluent is deposited into bottomless chambers that are linked together with solid walled pipe and are allowed a reduction in the absorptive drainfield sizing formula
  • are sized and constructed in accordance with §285.33(c)(2)
  • can be used in the following systems as a substitute for pipe and gravel without any reduction in drainfield sizing:
  • E-T systems
  • Low-pressure dosed drainfields
  • Soil substitution drainfields.

Septic Tank with Gravel-less Pipe

Gravel-less pipe systems distribute treated wastewater into the soil. They are like gravel filled trench systems, except that gravel-less pipes are surrounded by geotextile fabric instead of gravel.

Gravel-less Pipe

  • are installed similar to an absorptive drainfield, except the effluent in deposited into corrugated pipe with either an eight-inch or ten-inch diameter that is wrapped with geo-textile fabric
  • may also be used in E-T systems as a substitute for pipe and gravel
  • are sized and constructed in accordance with §285.33(c)(1)

Septic Tank with Evapotranspiration Bed

An evapotranspiration (ET) bed treats wastewater by using evapotranspiration – the loss of water from the soil by evaporation and by transportation from plants growing there.

Lined Evapotranspiration (E-T) systems:

  • are constructed similar to an unlined E-T bed with the exception of an impervious liner being placed between the excavated surface and the constructed disposal system
  • can only be installed by an Installer Class II
  • are sized and constructed in accordance with §285.33(b)(2)

Unlined Evapotranspiration (E-T) systems:

  • are constructed with either pipe and gravel, leaching chambers, or gravel-less pipe in either a trench or bed configuration and backfilled with sand
  • can be installed by an Installer Class I or Installer Class II
  • are sized and constructed in accordance with §285.33(b)(2)

Septic Tank with Low-Pressure Dosing

An LPD system treats wastewater and then pumps it into the soil several times daily. The system generally has 3 components: tanks, pump-tank for dosing, and a distribution system.

Low-pressure dosed drainfields (LPDs):

  • dispose of effluent that is pumped, under low pressure, into a solid wall force main and then into perforated distribution pipe in gravel
  • require a professional design by a professional engineer or professional sanitarian
  • can only be installed by an Installer Class II
  • are sized and constructed in accordance with §285.33(d)(1)

Absorptive Drainfields are:

  • constructed with perforated pipe and gravel
  • installed by an Installer Class I or Installer Class II
  • sized and constructed in accordance with

Pumped Effluent Drainfields (PEDs):

  • dispose of effluent by use of a pump into small diameter perforated pipe in gravel
  • can be installed by an Installer Class I or Installer Class II
  • are sized and constructed in accordance with §285.33(b)(3)

Surface application disposal:

  • is a method that disposes of secondary treated effluent onto the surface of the ground after Maintenance of On-Site Sewage Facilities(OSSF Systems)
  • cannot apply effluent to unseeded bare ground or areas used for growing food, gardens, orchards or crops which may be used for human consumption
  • must be designed by a professional engineer or professional sanitarian.
  • can only be installed by an Installer Class II
  • is sized and constructed in accordance with §285.33(d)(2)

Mounds:

  • are pressurized absorptive drainfields constructed above the native soil surface
  • must be designed by a professional engineer or professional sanitarian
  • only can be installed by an Installer Class II
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

  • What is a sewage facility system, and why is it important for my property?

    A sewage facility system is designed to collect, treat, and safely dispose of wastewater from a property. These systems are crucial for maintaining public health and environmental safety. If a system is improperly maintained or fails, it can lead to serious health hazards and contamination of local water supplies. Proper design and maintenance are essential to ensure the system functions efficiently, preventing expensive repairs and ensuring regulatory compliance.

  • What are the most common problems with sewage facility systems?

    Common issues with sewage facility systems include clogs, leaks, and system overflows. These problems can stem from aging infrastructure, poor maintenance, or improper waste disposal. It's vital to perform routine inspections and maintenance to identify problems early and avoid costly repairs. Customers should also avoid disposing of non-biodegradable materials down drains to prevent blockages and damage to the system.

  • How do I know if my sewage facility system needs repairs or replacement?

    Signs that your sewage facility system needs attention include slow drains, unpleasant odors, or water backups in sinks, toilets, or showers. If you notice unusual sounds from the system or your property experiences flooding, it may indicate a problem. Regular inspections by a professional can help detect early warning signs of damage, allowing for timely repairs and avoiding more expensive replacements.

  • What are the benefits of having a well-maintained sewage facility system?

    A well-maintained sewage facility system helps prevent environmental contamination and ensures that wastewater is treated safely. It also contributes to the longevity of the system, reducing repair costs and minimizing unexpected disruptions. A properly functioning system improves property value by ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations and prevents costly fines from governmental agencies.

  • Can I perform maintenance on my sewage facility system myself?

    While basic tasks like monitoring for clogs or cleaning around vents are manageable, it’s important to have professional service for more complex maintenance, such as inspecting pipes and pumping tanks. Sewage facility systems are intricate and require specialized knowledge to properly assess and maintain. Hiring a professional ensures the system is in optimal condition and helps identify issues before they become severe problems.

  • What should I do if my sewage facility system overflows?

    If your sewage facility system overflows, it’s important to act quickly. First, avoid using water or flushing toilets to prevent further strain on the system. Contact a sewage facility systems professional immediately. In the meantime, ensure the area around the overflow is safely contained to prevent contamination. Quick intervention can help mitigate potential damage and restore your system's functionality efficiently.

  • How often should I have my sewage facility system inspected?

    Routine inspections are typically recommended every 1-2 years, depending on the system's age and condition. More frequent inspections may be necessary if you have an older system or have experienced issues in the past. Regular checks help identify small issues before they escalate into expensive repairs or replacements, ensuring your sewage facility system remains in top condition and operates efficiently.

  • What factors affect the lifespan of a sewage facility system?

    The lifespan of a sewage facility system depends on several factors, including the materials used, the design of the system, and the quality of maintenance. Regular care, such as pumping out the system and ensuring there are no blockages, can significantly extend its lifespan. Environmental factors, such as soil conditions and the presence of tree roots, can also impact the longevity of the system.

  • What should I do if my sewage facility system is outdated?

    If your sewage facility system is outdated, it's crucial to consult with a professional to assess whether repairs, updates, or a full replacement is needed. Outdated systems may not meet current regulatory standards and could lead to inefficiencies, increasing operating costs. A modern system can be more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, saving you money in the long term while protecting your property and the environment.

Types of Soil

There are 4 main types of soils; clay, sand, silt and loam. These soils will always be a mixture of one another as there is no true place with one type of soil.

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